Precious Metal Catalysts – Homogeneous
Technical Characteristics: Precious metals complexed with ligands (phosphines, NHCs, bipyridines)
to form soluble organometallic catalysts. Enable highly selective and tunable transformations.
Applications: Hydroformylation (Rh–phosphine), asymmetric hydrogenation (Ru, Rh, Ir complexes),
C–C coupling (Pd catalysts), carbonylation (Rh–I).
Chemical Information: Operate via well-defined catalytic cycles involving oxidative addition,
migratory insertion, reductive elimination. Ligand environment dictates selectivity, turnover
frequency (TOF), and stability.
Precious Metal Catalysts (Homogeneous)
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Precious Metal Catalysts – Homogeneous
Technical Characteristics: Precious metals complexed with ligands (phosphines, NHCs, bipyridines)
to form soluble organometallic catalysts. Enable highly selective and tunable transformations.
Applications: Hydroformylation (Rh–phosphine), asymmetric hydrogenation (Ru, Rh, Ir complexes),
C–C coupling (Pd catalysts), carbonylation (Rh–I).
Chemical Information: Operate via well-defined catalytic cycles involving oxidative addition,
migratory insertion, reductive elimination. Ligand environment dictates selectivity, turnover
frequency (TOF), and stability.
General Formula: Depends on complex. Examples:
- Wilkinson’s catalyst: RhCl(PPh₃)₃
- Vaska’s complex: IrCl(CO)(PPh₃)₂
- Pd(PPh₃)₄ (for C–C couplings)
- State: Molecular, soluble in organic solvents.
- Key Property: Defined coordination environment; tunable electronic and steric effects via
ligands.